Andrew Markel
Ignition Coil Output

To see inductance inside the primary windings, use an amp probe placed around the positive wire for the ignition coil.

BMW E65/E66 Suspension Diagnostics

For the BMW 7 Series E65/E66 manufactured between 2001-’08, engineers went with an innovative rear ride control system. The Dynamic Drive system that uses active anti-roll bars to keep the vehicle level was standard on these models. Some of these vehicles have optional Electronic Dampener Control (EDC) that tunes the compression and rebound of the

Compressor Oil for R1234yf

Working on R-1234yf systems is not that different from the R-134a variety.

Engine Bay Covers: Cosmetic or Comedic?

Each year, engine covers seem to get bigger and more difficult to remove.

ADAS Calibration Aborts

Knowing the common “hiccups” can save you time and money.

HV/EV Battery Pack Replacements

It is difficult to say when a battery pack will need to be replaced.

Turbochargers on Minis

No matter if it is a BMW or MINI, when the engine stops turning, the oil flowing to the turbocharger stops.

ADAS Calibration

Accuracy is important for sophisticated ADAS systems.

How Extended Interval Oil Filters Have Been Improved

Over time, the oil filter can collect enough contaminants to become restricted. Here’s why new filters are better.

Lexus Air Ride Repair

A conversion kit might cost less and provide better long-term results for the customer.

Audi E-Tron Brake Jobs

With these vehicles, the major aggravation for shops is brake noise.

Mazda SkyActiv Engine Service Tips

These engines have been reliable, but there are four pattern failures you might see at your shop.